For decades, lung cancer has been closely associated with smoking. While smoking remains the leading cause, that single narrative no longer tells the full story—and it may be putting some people at risk of overlooking important warning signs.

Today, up to 20% of lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have never smoked, and a growing number of those patients are women under 50.

According to experts, environmental and genetic factors are playing a larger role than many people realize.

“We’re seeing lung cancer in patients who don’t fit the traditional profile,” says Gerald Colvin, DO Medical Director of the South County Health Cancer Center. 

“Younger patients and nonsmokers are being diagnosed more frequently, and that tells us we need broader awareness.”

Role of Radon 

One of the most significant contributors is radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is colorless and odorless. Radon can enter homes through cracks in foundations and accumulate without any warning.

In Rhode Island, the risk is especially high. One in three homes statewide has elevated radon levels, and in towns like Richmond and Exeter, that number rises to one in two homes. This is due to the state’s geology—granite-rich bedrock left exposed by glacial activity during the Ice Age.

“Radon exposure can happen early in life, and tumors may not develop until decades later,” Dr. Colvin explains. “That’s why testing is so important. In my opinion, every home in Rhode Island should be tested.”

Reducing radon exposure is one of the most effective forms of primary prevention for lung cancer.

Early Detection Saves Lives

Lung cancer often develops quietly. Symptoms may be mild, vague, or mistaken for other conditions—meaning many cases are diagnosed at later stages.

When caught early, however, outcomes can be dramatically better. “At Stage 1, lung cancer is often treated successfully with surgery alone, or with stereotactic radiosurgery,” says Dr. Colvin. “Traditional chemotherapy is usually not required, and in some cases targeted therapies are used depending on tumor biology. The key is catching it early.”

Despite this, early-stage lung cancer is identified only about 15% of the time.

Symptoms That Shouldn’t Be Ignored

Contact a healthcare provider if you experience:
•    A persistent cough or new wheezing
•    Coughing up blood or bloody sputum
•    Recurrent lung infections
•    Chest pain unrelated to activity
•    Unexplained weight loss
•    Progressive shortness of breath

“Smoking history shouldn’t be the only factor people consider,” Dr. Colvin says. “Awareness—especially during National Cancer Prevention Month—can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes. Early attention truly saves lives.”